Blockchain ensures data immutability and security through several key mechanisms:

Cryptographic Hashing: Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block's data, creating a chain that makes altering past blocks extremely difficult. Any change in data would necessitate altering all subsequent blocks, requiring immense computational power.

Decentralization: Blockchain operates on a decentralized network of nodes, making it resilient to single points of failure and attacks. Consensus mechanisms ensure agreement among nodes, preventing malicious alterations.

Consensus Mechanisms: Algorithms like Proof of Work (PoW) or Proof of Stake (PoS) validate and agree upon the addition of new blocks, maintaining the integrity of the ledger.

Immutable Ledger: Once recorded, data on the blockchain cannot be easily modified or deleted, providing a permanent and tamper-proof record of transactions.

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